“Silk Road” by Nick Middleton is a travelogue detailing his journey to Mount Kailash in Tibet. The chapter focuses on the challenges and experiences he encounters while traversing the high-altitude terrain. Middleton, accompanied by his friend Tsetan, sets out on a quest to complete the kora, a religious pilgrimage around the sacred mountain.
The journey is fraught with difficulties, including harsh weather conditions, rough roads, and high-altitude sickness. Middleton describes the stark, desolate beauty of the landscape, the nomadic people he encounters, and the unique cultural experiences he has. He also recounts his interactions with various characters, such as Lhamo, who gives him a farewell gift, and Norbu, who shares his passion for kora.
The chapter highlights the physical and mental challenges of high-altitude travel, the spiritual significance of Mount Kailash, and the cultural richness of the Tibetan plateau. It portrays a landscape of stark contrasts, where natural beauty and human resilience coexist amid hardship. Ultimately, the journey becomes a personal exploration for Middleton, as he grapples with the physical and emotional demands of the expedition.
Exercise
Understanding the text
I. Give reasons for the following statements.
1. The article has been titled ‘Silk Road.’
Ans:
The title “Silk Road” is used ironically in Nick Middleton’s narrative.
While the historical Silk Road was a network of trade routes connecting East and West, Middleton’s journey to Mount Kailash is a personal and spiritual pilgrimage, not a commercial one. The title highlights the contrast between the ancient, bustling trade route and his solitary, challenging trek through a remote and sparsely populated region. It also suggests that, like the travelers on the original Silk Road, Middleton is embarking on a journey of discovery, albeit one that is more internal and spiritual than economic.
2. Tibetan mastiffs were popular in China’s imperial courts.
Ans:
Tibetan mastiffs held a place of prestige and popularity within China’s imperial courts, particularly during certain dynasties. These large, powerful dogs, native to the Himalayan region, were prized for their imposing size, strength, and loyalty. They were often gifted to emperors as symbols of status and power, and were employed as guardians of palaces and livestock. Their thick coats, well-suited to harsh climates, and their formidable presence made them ideal protectors. The dogs’ association with the rugged terrain of Tibet added to their mystique, further enhancing their appeal to the imperial court, where they were seen as exotic and valuable possessions.
3. The author’s experience at Hor was in stark contrast to earlier accounts of the place.
Ans:
Nick Middleton’s experience at Hor presented a stark contrast to the romanticized or idealized images he had encountered beforehand. Contrary to expectations of a vibrant, bustling trading town, Hor was revealed to be a desolate, dusty, and dilapidated place. The town’s grim reality, marked by piles of refuse and a general atmosphere of decay, clashed sharply with the picturesque descriptions he might have read or heard. This disillusionment underscored the difference between idealized travel narratives and the often harsh realities of remote locations, highlighting the author’s own journey of discovering the true, unvarnished nature of the Tibetan plateau.
4. The author was disappointed with Darchen.
Ans:
Yes, Nick Middleton expresses disappointment with Darchen in “Silk Road.” He found it to be a dusty, ramshackle place, rather than the vibrant town he might have expected. The town lacked the amenities and charm he had anticipated, and its general atmosphere was one of neglect and disrepair. This disappointment stemmed from the contrast between his expectations and the actual, less appealing reality of Darchen.
5. The author thought that his positive thinking strategy worked well after all.
Ans:
Yes, Nick Middleton does suggest that his positive thinking strategy ultimately proved effective, albeit after a period of doubt and hardship. While he initially struggled with the physical challenges of high altitude and the disappointing realities of places like Hor and Darchen, he consciously tried to maintain a positive outlook.
His persistence, adaptability, and willingness to embrace the journey’s unexpected turns allowed him to continue towards Mount Kailash. He found moments of beauty and connection even in the harsh landscape. In the end, his determination to complete the kora, supported by his positive mindset, helped him navigate the difficulties and achieve his goal. Therefore, while tested, he found that his positive thinking strategy did work.
II. Briefly comment on
1. The purpose of the author’s journey to Mount Kailash.
Ans:
Nick Middleton’s primary purpose for journeying to Mount Kailash was to complete the kora, a religious pilgrimage that involves circumambulating the sacred mountain. This was not merely a sightseeing trip, but a journey with deep spiritual significance. He wanted to experience the cultural and religious practices associated with Mount Kailash, a site held sacred by Buddhists and Hindus alike. While he also documented his travels as a writer, the core motivation stemmed from his desire to participate in and witness this important pilgrimage.
2. The author’s physical condition in Darchen.
Ans:
In Darchen, Nick Middleton’s physical condition deteriorated significantly due to the high altitude. He experienced symptoms of altitude sickness, including:
- Headaches
- Breathlessness
- General weakness
The harsh environment, combined with the stress of the journey, took a toll on his health. He found it difficult to move around and felt generally unwell.
3. The author’s meeting with Norbu.
Ans:
Nick Middleton’s meeting with Norbu was a significant and somewhat serendipitous encounter during his time in Darchen. Norbu was a Tibetan who, like Middleton, was also planning to complete the kora around Mount Kailash.
Their meeting was marked by a shared interest in the pilgrimage and a mutual understanding of the spiritual significance of the journey. Norbu’s relaxed and friendly demeanor provided a welcome contrast to the often challenging and solitary nature of Middleton’s travels. They discovered a shared academic interest. Norbu was working on a similar subject to Nick, but from a Tibetan perspective.
Norbu’s presence offered companionship and a sense of shared purpose, alleviating some of the isolation Middleton felt. This meeting brought a moment of human connection in the otherwise desolate landscape, and demonstrated that even in remote and challenging locations, unexpected encounters can bring comfort and companionship.
4. Tsetan’s support to the author during the journey.
Ans:
Tsetan provided crucial support to Nick Middleton throughout his journey to Mount Kailash. He acted as a reliable guide, driver, and friend. Tsetan’s knowledge of the terrain, his driving skills on the treacherous roads, and his ability to navigate the local customs were invaluable. More than just a guide, Tsetan offered companionship and practical assistance, ensuring Middleton’s safety and comfort. He helped translate, find accommodations, and provided reassurance during challenging moments. Tsetan’s calm demeanor and resourcefulness were essential for Middleton to overcome the physical and emotional obstacles of the journey.
5. “As a Buddhist, he told me, he knew that it didn’t really matter if I passed away, but he thought it would be bad for business.”
Ans:
This statement, made by Tsetan to Nick Middleton, reveals a blend of Buddhist philosophy and practical pragmatism. Tsetan, as a Buddhist, expresses a belief in the transient nature of life, suggesting that death is not the ultimate end. From a spiritual perspective, Middleton’s passing wouldn’t hold lasting significance. However, Tsetan immediately tempers this philosophical outlook with a realistic concern for his livelihood. He acknowledges that Middleton’s death would have negative consequences for his business, likely as a tour guide. This juxtaposition of spiritual acceptance and worldly practicality highlights the complex interplay between belief systems and everyday life, especially in challenging environments. It also adds a touch of dry humor to the narrative, showcasing Tsetan’s down-to-earth personality and his ability to balance philosophical ideas with practical considerations.
Talking about the text
Discuss in groups of four
1. The sensitive behaviour of hill-folk.
Ans:
The hill-folk encountered by Nick Middleton in “Silk Road” demonstrate a remarkably sensitive and caring nature. Despite living in harsh and isolated conditions, they exhibit kindness and empathy towards travelers.
This sensitivity is seen in their willingness to offer assistance, provide shelter, and share their limited resources. They often display a deep respect for spiritual practices and a gentle, unassuming demeanor. Their emotional intelligence is highlighted in their ability to understand and respond to the needs of others, revealing a strong sense of community and human connection within their remote and challenging environment.
2. The reasons why people willingly undergo the travails of difficult journeys.
Ans:
People willingly endure the hardships of difficult journeys for a variety of profound reasons, often rooted in personal, spiritual, or cultural motivations. For some, the journey is a pilgrimage, a physical manifestation of their faith, as seen in the kora around Mount Kailash. These journeys offer a chance for spiritual purification, connection to sacred sites, and a sense of transcendence. Others undertake arduous travels for adventure, seeking to push their physical and mental limits, explore uncharted territories, or escape the mundane. The desire for self-discovery also drives many, as challenging journeys can provide opportunities for introspection, resilience building, and a deeper understanding of one’s own capabilities. Cultural immersion is another powerful motivator, allowing individuals to experience different ways of life, connect with diverse communities, and broaden their perspectives. Ultimately, the inherent human drive to explore, seek meaning, and connect with something larger than oneself fuels these often-difficult undertakings.
3. The accounts of exotic places in legends and the reality.
Ans:
Legends often portray exotic places as realms of wonder, brimming with magic, untold riches, and captivating beauty. These accounts, passed down through generations, tend to romanticize and idealize distant lands, painting them as paradises or sites of extraordinary adventure. However, the reality of these places, when experienced firsthand, often diverges significantly from the fantastical narratives. As Nick Middleton’s journey in “Silk Road” demonstrates, the actual landscapes can be harsh, the living conditions challenging, and the towns far from the imagined splendor. This discrepancy arises from the human tendency to embellish and exaggerate, transforming ordinary places into extraordinary ones through the lens of storytelling. The legends, while captivating, often fail to capture the gritty realities of daily life, the physical hardships, and the stark contrasts between expectation and experience. Thus, the reality of exotic places, though often still compelling, proves to be a more nuanced and complex tapestry than the simplified, idealized versions found in legends.
Thinking about language
1. Notice the kind of English Tsetan uses while talking to the author. How do you think he picked it up?
Ans:
Tsetan uses a functional, somewhat broken, but understandable form of English. He mixes basic vocabulary with a simplified grammatical structure.
He likely picked it up through practical interactions with tourists and travelers. Due to the increasing tourism in the region, especially related to Mount Kailash, he would have had frequent opportunities to communicate with English-speaking individuals. His English is likely self-taught, focusing on the essential phrases needed for his work as a guide and driver. This would explain the direct, utilitarian nature of his speech, prioritizing communication over grammatical perfection.
2. What do the following utterances indicate?
(i) “I told her, through Daniel …”
(ii) “It’s a cold,” he said finally through Tsetan.
Ans:
(i) “I told her, through Daniel …”
This indicates a communication barrier. It shows that the author and the woman (Lhamo) did not share a common language. Daniel acted as an interpreter, facilitating their conversation. This highlights the linguistic diversity of the region and the challenges of communication when traveling in such areas.
(ii) “It’s a cold,” he said finally through Tsetan.”
This also indicates a language barrier, but also reveals a reluctance or difficulty in expressing something. The author’s companion was reluctant to admit to altitude sickness. That he had to say it “finally” and “through Tsetan” implies that he was hesitant to acknowledge his illness, perhaps due to pride or a desire to minimize his discomfort. It also shows Tsetan’s role as a vital communication link, bridging the gap between the author and the local people.
3. Guess the meaning of the following words.
kora drokba kyang
In which language are these words found?
Ans:
- Kora: This refers to the act of circumambulating a sacred site, like a mountain or temple. It’s a religious practice of walking or prostrating oneself around a holy place.
- Drokba: This word translates to “nomad” or “herder.” It refers to the nomadic people who live on the Tibetan plateau, often herding yaks, sheep, or goats.
- Kyang: This refers to a wild ass, a type of wild donkey native to the Tibetan plateau.
Working with words
1. The narrative has many phrases to describe the scenic beauty of the mountainside like:
A flawless half-moon floated in a perfect blue sky.
Scan the text to locate other such picturesque phrases.
Ans:
The journey through the Tibetan plateau in “Silk Road” is depicted with vivid imagery, capturing the raw beauty of the mountainous landscape. Instead of simply stating the scenery, the author uses descriptive phrases that paint a picture. For instance, the phrase “patches of snow resembled white icing, stretched along the dark mountainsides” transforms the snow into a familiar, visual element, highlighting the contrast against the dark rock. Expansive views are shown as “broad expanses of undulating hills, with minimal plant life visible,” conveying the vastness and barrenness of the terrain. The author’s use of phrases like “Sunlight illuminated the snow-covered peaks, causing them to shine” and “The sky presented a bright blue hue” emphasizes the interplay of light and color, creating a striking visual experience for the reader. These phrases, among others, contribute to the narrative’s ability to transport the reader to the remote and stunning environment of the Tibetan mountains.
2. Explain the use of the adjectives in the following phrases.
(i) shaggy monsters
(ii) brackish lakes
(iii) rickety table
(iv) hairpin bend
(v) rudimentary general stores
Ans:
(i) shaggy monsters: “Shaggy” describes the rough, unkempt appearance of the mastiffs, emphasizing their wild and powerful nature. “Monsters” exaggerates their size and intimidating presence, creating a vivid image of these large, formidable dogs.
(ii) brackish lakes: “Brackish” specifies the salty, unpleasant taste of the lake water. This adjective conveys the harsh, inhospitable nature of the environment and the lack of fresh water.
(iii) rickety table: “Rickety” describes the unstable, flimsy condition of the table. It suggests a lack of quality and durability, reflecting the basic, often makeshift nature of the accommodations in the region.
(iv) hairpin bend: “Hairpin” vividly illustrates the sharp, tight curve of the road, resembling the shape of a hairpin. This adjective effectively conveys the danger and difficulty of navigating the mountainous terrain.
(v) rudimentary general stores: “Rudimentary” indicates that the stores are basic, simple, and underdeveloped. It highlights the lack of sophisticated facilities and the limited availability of goods in these remote areas.
Father to Son
“Father to Son” by Elizabeth Jennings explores the painful distance and lack of understanding between a father and his estranged son. The father laments the loss of their once close relationship, expressing deep sorrow and frustration over their inability to connect.
He longs for the son’s return to the “prodigal” state of their earlier bond, but acknowledges the son’s preference for his own world. The father feels like a stranger in his son’s life, unable to bridge the gap created by their differing values and experiences.
The poem highlights the universal themes of generational conflict, the pain of lost intimacy, and the struggle to communicate love in the face of alienation. It portrays the father’s helplessness and the son’s silent, unreadable distance, leaving the reader with a sense of poignant regret.
Exercise
Think it out
1. Does the poem talk of an exclusively personal experience or is it fairly universal?
Ans:
The poem “Father to Son” speaks of an experience that, while deeply personal to the father, carries a strong universal resonance.
While the specific details are rooted in the father’s individual relationship with his son, the core themes of generational disconnect, the struggle to communicate love, and the pain of estrangement are widely relatable. The poem taps into the common human experience of feeling alienated from loved ones, particularly during periods of change and growth. The frustration of wanting to bridge a gap, the regret of lost intimacy, and the yearning for understanding are emotions that many people can identify with, making the poem’s message both intimate and broadly applicable.
2. How is the father’s helplessness brought out in the poem?
Ans:
The father’s helplessness is poignantly conveyed through his repeated expressions of an inability to bridge the gap with his son. He states, “We speak like strangers,” and “I have no understanding of this child.” These lines reveal his frustration at the lack of connection, despite his desire for reconciliation.
His helplessness is further emphasized by his passive longing for the son’s return, as in “Would have him prodigal, returning to his father’s house.” He appears unable to actively mend the relationship, instead waiting for the son to initiate change. The father’s lamenting tone and the admission that “Silence surrounds us” underscore his powerlessness in the face of their estrangement. His feelings are a mix of sadness and regret, showing his inability to change the situation.
3. Identify the phrases and lines that indicate distance between father and son.
Ans:
The poem “Father to Son” is permeated with phrases and lines that underscore the emotional and relational distance between the two. The opening lines, “We speak like strangers, there’s no sign of understanding in the air,” immediately establish the estrangement, highlighting a breakdown in communication. The father’s lament, “This child who is mine yet what he loves I cannot share,” emphasizes their differing interests and lack of common ground. The pervasive “Silence surrounds us” further reinforces the emotional void between them. The lines, “From grief. We each have known,” suggest shared pain but an inability to console each other, highlighting their isolation. The father’s admission, “I have no understanding of this child,” reveals his helplessness in bridging the gap. Finally, his desire to “build him back to knowledge which he must have grown” and his longing for his son to return “prodigal, returning to his father’s house” indicate a yearning for a past connection that seems irretrievable. These phrases and lines collectively paint a picture of a profound and painful separation.
4. Does the poem have a consistent rhyme scheme?
Ans:
“Father to Son” does not adhere to a consistent, traditional rhyme scheme. While there are instances of near-rhyme or assonance, the poem largely employs free verse, focusing on conveying the emotional weight of the father’s words rather than adhering to a strict pattern of rhyming sounds.
The absence of a rigid rhyme scheme contributes to the poem’s sense of raw, unfiltered emotion. The father’s voice feels authentic and immediate, as if he is speaking directly from his heart. The irregular rhythm and lack of formal structure mirror the fractured nature of the father-son relationship, emphasizing the emotional disarray and the difficulty of finding harmony.
The poem’s power lies in its directness and the honesty of its language, which a strict rhyme scheme might have constrained. The poet prioritizes the emotional impact of the words over the musicality of rhyme, creating a more poignant and relatable portrayal of the father’s grief and longing.
