In the chapter “Absorption By Roots – The Process Involved” delve into how plants, specifically through their roots, take up water and essential minerals from the soil. It’s a fascinating process that’s vital for a plant’s survival and growth.
You’ll learn about root hair cells, which are tiny, delicate extensions of the epidermal cells of the root. They’re in close contact with the soil particles and the film of water surrounding them.
The chapter explains that water absorption primarily occurs through osmosis. You’ll recall that osmosis is the movement of water molecules from a region of higher water concentration (the soil water, which is a dilute solution) to a region of lower water concentration (inside the root hair cell, which has a denser cell sap) across a selectively permeable membrane. As water enters the root hair cell, it creates a pressure, pushing the water further into the root’s inner tissues – the cortex, endodermis, and eventually the xylem, which acts like a pipeline to transport water upwards to the rest of the plant.
Alongside water, roots also absorb mineral ions. This process is often more complex. While some ions might move passively with the water, the absorption of most mineral ions is an active process. This means it requires the plant to expend energy, often in the form of ATP, to move ions against their concentration gradient – from a region of lower concentration. This active transport is carried out by specific protein carriers in the cell membranes of the root hair cells.
In essence, the chapter highlights the sophisticated mechanisms – passive (osmosis for water) and active (for most mineral ions) – that roots employ to draw sustenance from the soil, forming the fundamental basis of plant life.
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE TYPE:
1)Absorption of water by the plant cells by surface attraction is called:
(a) Diffusion
(b) Osmosis
(c) Imbibition
(d) Endosmosis
Ans : c) Imbibition
2) A plant cell placed in a certain solution got plasmolysed. What was the kind of solution?
(a) Isotonic sugar solution
(b) Hypotonic salt solution
(c) Hypertonic salt solution
(d) Isotonic salt solution
Ans : c) Hypertonic salt solution
3) The state of a cell in which the cell wall is rigid and stretched by the increase in volume due to the absorption of water is called.
(a) Flaccidity
(b) Turgidity
(c) Capillarity
(d) Tonicity
Ans : b) Turgidity
4)Which one of the following is a characteristic NOT related with the suitability of the roots for absorbing water?
(a) Tremendous surface area
(b) contain cell sap at a higher concentration than the surrounding soil water
(c) Root hairs have thin cell walls
(d) Grow downward into the soil
Ans :(d) Grow downward into the soil
5) Movement of molecules of a substance from the region of their higher concentration to the region of their lower concentration without the involvement a separating membrane, is called
(a) Osmosis
(b) Diffusion
(c) active transport
(d) Capillarity
Ans : (b) Diffusion
6) Osmosis and diffusion are the same except that osmosis there is:
(a) a freely permeable membrane
(b) a cell wall in between
(c) a selectively permeable membrane in between
(d) an endless inflow of water into a cell
Ans : (c) a selectively permeable membrane in between
7) The highest water potential (capacity to move out higher concentrated solution) is that of
(a) Pure water
(b) 10% salt solution
(c) Honey
(d) 50% sugar solution
Ans : (a) Pure water
8) The space between the cell wall and plasma membrane in a plasmolysed cell is filled with.
(a) isotonic solution
(b) hypotonic solution
(c) Hypertonic solution
(d) water
Ans :(d) water
9) What is responsible for guttation?
(a) Osmotic pressure
(b) Root pressure
(c) suction pressure
(d) Capillarity
Ans : (b) Root pressure
10)The most appropriate characteristic of a semipermeable membrane is that
(a) it has minute pores
(b) it has no pores
(c) it allows the solute to pass through but not the solvent
(d) it allows a solvent to pass through freely but prevents the passage of the solute.
Ans : (d) it allows a solvent to pass through freely but prevents the passage of the solute
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE:
1) Name the following:
(a) The condition of a cell placed in a hypotonic solution.
(b) The process by which intact plants lose water in the form of droplets from leaf margins
(c) The process by which water enters root hairs.
(d) The term for the inward movement of solvent molecules through the plasma membrane of a cell.
(e) The process by which molecules distribute themselves evenly within the space they occupy
(f) The pressure which is responsible for the movement of water molecules across the cortical cells of the root.
(g) The pressure which is responsible for the movement of water molecules across the cortical cells of the root.
Ans : (a) Turgidity
(b) Guttation
(c) Osmosis
(d) Xylem
(e) Endosmosis
(f) Diffusion
(g) Root pressure
2) Give the equivalent terms for the following:
(a) Pressure of the cell contents on the cell wall
(b) The condition in which the cell contents are shrunken
(c) Loss of water through a cut stem
Ans : (a) Turgor pressure
(b) Flaccidity
(c) Bleeding
3) Complete the following statements:
(a) Hypotonic solution is one in which the solution kept outside the cell has lower solute concentration than ……………… the cell.
Ans : the fluids inside
(b) Active transport is one in which the ions outside the roots are ……………
Ans : (b) transported inside against their concentration gradient
(c) The bending movements of certain flowers towards the sun and the sleep movements of certain plants at night are examples of…………
Ans : (c) turgor movements
4) (a) When placed in a more concentrated solution, the cell contents will………… (shrink / swell up)
(b) The pressure by which the …………. Molecules tend to cross the semi-permeable membrane called osmotic pressure. (salt / water)
(c) Active transport is in a direction ………….. to that of diffusion. (opposite / Same)
Ans : (a) Shrink
(b) Water
(c) opposite
5) Match the items in column I with those in column II Column I Column II
| Column I | Column II |
| a) Xylem | (i) semi – permeable |
| b) Phloem | (ii) permeable |
| c) Cell membrane | (iii) downward flow of sap |
| d) Root pressure | (iv) upward flow of water |
| e) Cell wall | (v) guttation |
Ans :
| Column I | Column II |
| a) Xylem | (iv) upward flow of water |
| b) Phloem | (iii) downward flow of sap |
| c) Cell membrane | (i) semi – permeable |
| d) Root pressure | (v) guttation |
| e) Cell wall | (ii) permeable |
SHORT ANSWER TYPE:
1) Differentiate between the following:
(a) Plasmolysis and plasmolysis
(b) Turgor pressure and wall pressure
(c) Guttation and bleeding
(d) Turgidity and Flaccidity
Ans : (a) Plasmolysis and Deplasmolysis: The Dance of Water Movement
Imagine a plant cell as a small bag of water and solutes, encased in a rigid outer wall.
- Plasmolysis occurs when this plant cell finds itself in a “saltier” environment – what scientists call a hypertonic solution. Because there’s a higher concentration of water inside the cell than outside, water naturally flows out of the cell, trying to balance things. As water exits, the inner living part of the cell, known as the protoplast (which includes the cell membrane and everything inside it), begins to shrink and pull away from the sturdy cell wall. The cell goes limp and loses its firmness, a state called flaccidity. If this water loss is too severe or lasts too long, the cell can suffer irreversible damage and even die.
- Deplasmolysis is the exact opposite process, a recovery. If you take that shrunken, plasmolyzed cell and place it into a “less salty” environment, like pure water or a hypotonic solution, the tables turn. Now, there’s a higher concentration of water outside the cell. Water rushes back in, drawn by osmosis. The cell regains its original shape and firmness, becoming turgid again.
(b) Turgor Pressure and Wall Pressure: An Internal Tug-of-War
These two pressures are intimately linked and essential for a plant’s structural integrity.
- Turgor Pressure (TP) is the internal push generated by the cell’s contents. Think of the plant cell’s large central vacuole like a balloon inside a box. When the cell absorbs water, this vacuole expands, pushing the cell membrane outwards, hard against the rigid cell wall. This outward hydrostatic pressure is turgor pressure. It’s what makes healthy plant stems stand upright and leaves remain firm, preventing wilting.
- Wall Pressure (WP) is the cell wall’s reaction to this internal push. It’s the equal and opposite pressure exerted by the tough, unyielding cell wall back onto the expanding protoplast. In a fully hydrated, firm cell, the turgor pressure pushing out is perfectly balanced by the wall pressure pushing in, creating a stable, turgid state.
(c) Guttation and Bleeding: Plant “Sweat” and “Wounds”
These are both instances of fluid exuding from plants, but under different circumstances.
- Guttation is like a plant’s morning “sweat.” You’ll often see small droplets of water forming on the edges or tips of leaves, especially on herbaceous plants, early in the morning when the air is humid and there’s little wind. This happens when the plant’s roots are actively absorbing water, creating high internal pressure (root pressure), but the leaves aren’t losing much water through transpiration (evaporation). With nowhere else to go, the excess water is forced out through special pores on the leaf margins called hydathodes. The fluid isn’t pure water; it contains some dissolved minerals.
- Bleeding (of plants) is more akin to a wound weeping. This is the oozing of sap from a plant when it’s been cut or injured. When you sever a stem or damage a root, the internal pressure, primarily root pressure, can push the sap (which could be from the xylem or phloem, depending on the type of plant and where it’s cut) out of the exposed vascular tissues. This phenomenon is famously seen when maple trees are “tapped” to collect sap for syrup, or when you cut a fresh flower stem and see droplets forming on the cut end.
(d) Turgidity and Flaccidity: The Cell’s State of Firmness
These terms describe the physical condition of a plant cell based on its water content.
- Its protoplast is pressing tightly against the cell wall due to high turgor pressure. This is the healthy, rigid state of a plant cell in a well-watered environment. Turgid cells provide the structural support for non-woody plant parts, helping them stand upright and preventing wilting. It’s also vital for cell expansion and growth.
- Its protoplast has pulled away from the cell wall, and there’s little to no turgor pressure. This occurs when a cell is in an environment where it’s losing water (an isotonic or hypertonic solution). A plant whose cells are flaccid will appear wilted and droopy, as it lacks the internal pressure to maintain its shape.
2) (a) Mention whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F)
(i) A plant cell placed in a hypotonic solution gets Plasmolyzed.
(ii) Addition of salt to pickles prevents growth of bacteria because they turn turgid.
(iii) Cells that have lost their water content are said to be plasmolyzed.
(iv) Xylem is the water conducting tissue in plants.
(v) The shrinkage of protoplasm, when a cell is kept in hypotonic solution.
(vi) The cell wall of the root cell is a differentially permeable membrane.
Ans : (a) (i) False (ii)False (iii) False (iv) True (v) False (vi) False
(b) Correct the false statements by altering the last word only.
Ans : (i) A plant cell placed in hypotonic solution gets turgid.
(ii) Addition of salt to pickles prevents growth of bacteria because they turn flaccid. (iii) Cells that have lost their water content are said to be plasmolysed.
(iv) The shrinkage of protoplasm, when a cell is kept in hypertonic solution.
3) What is the difference between ‘flaccid’ and ‘turgid’? Give one example of a flaccid condition in plants.
Ans : A turgid plant cell is firm due to water pushing against its cell wall, providing rigidity and supporting the plant. Conversely, a flaccid plant cell has lost water, leading to a loss of firmness, causing the plant to wilt.
4) Give reasons for the following:
(a) If you sprinkle some common salt on grass growing on a lawn, it is killed at that spot.
Ans : sprinkling salt on grass kills it through osmosis. The salt dehydrates the grass cells by drawing out their water, which is essential for survival. This lack of water causes the grass to wilt and eventually die.
(b) If you uproot a plant from the soil, its leaves soon wilt.
Ans : When a plant is uprooted, its compromised roots are unable to absorb sufficient water. This water deficit causes the leaves to lose their turgor and dehydrate, resulting in wilting.
(c) It is better to transplant seedlings in a flower-bed in the evening and not in the morning.
Ans : Transplanting seedlings in the evening is best. The cooler temperatures and lack of direct sun at that time mean less water loss for the plant, which helps prevent transplant shock. This gives the seedlings a full night to recover and settle in before the next day’s sun. Morning transplants, on the other hand, face immediate heat and light, making recovery much harder.
(d) A plant cell when kept in a hypertonic salt solution for about 30 minutes turns flaccid.
Ans : When a plant cell is placed in a hypertonic salt solution, water leaves the cell through osmosis because the solute concentration outside is higher. This causes the protoplast to shrink and pull away from the cell wall, a process called plasmolysis. As a result, the cell loses its rigidity and becomes limp.
(e) Potato cubes when placed in water become firm and increase in size.
Ans : When potato cubes are placed in water, they absorb it and become firm and larger. This occurs through osmosis: water moves from the surrounding pure water, which has a higher water potential, into the potato cells, which have a lower water potential due to their higher solute concentration. This influx of water increases the turgor pressure within the cells, resulting in the potato cubes becoming firm and expanding.
5) Mention whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) and give an explanation in support of your answer.
Ans : (a) True.
Plasmolysis occurs due to outflow of water from the cell when placed in hypertonic solution due to which the cytoplasm shrinks away from the cell wall. On the other hand, deplasmolysis is the result of the re-entry of water into the plasmolysed cell when placed in a hypotonic solution due to which the protoplasm again swells up pressing tight against the cell wall.
(b) False.
Guttation is the process by which drops of water appear along leaf margins due to excessive root pressure whereas bleeding is the loss of cell sap through a cut stem.
(c) False.
There is only one seed coat in a seed.
(d) False.
The leaves of the twig remain turgid since its xylem is intact and xylem is responsible for water conduction in plants.
(e) False.
Guttation occurs due to excessive root pressure. It is maximum when root pressure is maximum which occurs in the early mornings or at night. This is because during these times, transpiration is very low and water absorption is very high.
(f) False.
Dry seeds when submerged in water swell up due to imbibitions. On contact with water dry seeds imbibe water and swell up.
D. LONG ANSWER TYPE:
1) Give two examples of turgor movements in plants.
Ans : Here are two examples of turgor movements in plants:
- Mimosa Pudica (Touch-Me-Not plant): This plant dramatically folds its leaves inward and the leaf stalks droop quickly when touched. This rapid response is due to specialized cells at the leaf bases, called pulvini, suddenly losing water and turgor pressure.
- Sleep movements of legumes: Many plants in the bean family show daily “sleep” cycles where their leaves fold up in the evening and open again in the morning. These movements are also controlled by changes in turgor within the pulvini, in response to the daily light and dark cycle.
2) Explain the mechanism of closing and opening of the stomata.
Ans :
When plants have plenty of water and light, their guard cells absorb potassium ions and other substances. This makes water move into the guard cells, causing them to swell and bow outwards, opening the stomata for gas exchange. This causes them to straighten and move together, closing the stomata to save water.
3) Concentration of mineral nutrient elements is higher inside the root hairs than in the surrounding soil. How do roots take them in from the soil?
Ans : Root cells expend energy (in the form of ATP) to power specific protein pumps embedded in their membranes. These pumps actively move mineral ions from the soil, where they are less concentrated, into the root cells, where they are more concentrated. This process goes against the concentration gradient and therefore requires energy. While some water and dissolved minerals can move in via osmosis and diffusion respectively (especially if the soil concentration is temporarily higher), active transport is the primary mechanism for accumulating essential nutrients against a gradient.
4) Explain how soaked seeds swell up and burst their seed coats.
Ans : Soaked seeds swell and burst their seed coats due to imbibition. The dry seed rapidly absorbs water, primarily through the micropyle, causing the internal pressure (turgor pressure) within the cells of the embryo and endosperm to increase significantly. This pressure, exerted outwards against the rigid seed coat, eventually becomes too great for the coat to withstand, leading to its rupture.
5) Leaves of the sensitive plant wilt and droop down on a slight touch. What mechanism brings about this change?
Ans : The sensitive plant’s leaves wilt and droop when touched because specialized cells called pulvini, found at the base of leaflets and petioles, rapidly lose water. This loss of turgor pressure causes the cells to shrink, making the leaves fold inward. This touch-induced movement is known as thigmonasty.
6) What is transpiration pull? How is it caused?
Ans : Transpiration pull, also known as the cohesion-tension theory, explains how plants move water from roots to leaves against gravity. As water evaporates from leaves through tiny pores called stomata, it creates a “pull” or negative pressure. This pull is transmitted down the plant’s xylem vessels because water molecules strongly stick to each other (cohesion) and to the xylem walls (adhesion), forming an unbroken column. Essentially, the evaporation of water from the leaves acts like a suction pump, drawing more water up from the roots and ultimately from the soil, maintaining a continuous flow throughout the plant.
E. STRUCTURED/ APPLICATION/ SKILL TYPE:
1) The following diagram represents a plant cell after being placed in a strong sugar solution.
Guidelines 1 to 5 indicate the following: (1) Cell wall, (2) Strong sugar solution, (3) Protoplasm (4) Large vacuole, (5) Nucleus
(a) What is the state of the cell shown in the cell shown in the diagram?
(b) Name the structure which acts as a selectively permeable membrane.
(c) If the cell had been placed in distilled water instead of a strong sugar solution, which feature would not have been seen?
(d) Name any one feature of this plant cell which is not present in an animal cell.
Ans : a) The diagram shows a plant cell in a strong sugar solution, undergoing plasmolysis. Water exits the cell by osmosis into the hypertonic external solution. This causes the protoplast (parts 3, 4, 5) to shrink and pull away from the rigid cell wall (part 1), leaving a space (part 2) filled with the sugar solution. This shrunken state is plasmolysis.
b)The selectively permeable membrane in the diagram is the plasma membrane (labeled 3), controlling what enters and exits the cell.
(c) If the cell was in distilled water, plasmolysis (the shrunken protoplast) would not have been seen. The cell would appear turgid.
(d) The cell wall or the large central vacuole are features of this plant cell not found in an animal cell.
2) A leaf cell of a water plant was placed in a liquid other than pond water. After sometime, it assumed a shape as shown below:
(a) Give the term for the state of the cell it has acquired.
(b) Comment on the nature (tonicity) of the liquid surrounding the cell.
(c) Redraw in the space provided, the diagram of the cell is soon placed in ordinary water for some time.
Ans :a) When a plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, it loses water through osmosis, causing the protoplast to shrink and detach from the cell wall. This is called plasmolysis. If this plasmolyzed cell is then put into a hypotonic solution, water re-enters, and the protoplast expands, a process known as deplasmolysis.
b)Due to the higher solute concentration outside, water leaves the cell by osmosis. This causes the plasma membrane and protoplast to shrink and pull away from the rigid cell wall, a process called plasmolysis. The cell wall maintains the cell’s outer shape. Severe or prolonged plasmolysis can be fatal to the cell, but if transferred to a hypotonic solution, the cell can reabsorb water and de-plasmolyze.
c)
3) The diagram given below represents an experimental set – up to demonstrate a certain process. Study the same and answer the questions that follow:
(a) Name the process.
(b) Define the above named process.
(c) what would you observe in the experimental set-up after an hour or so?
(d) what control experiment can be set up for comparison?
(e) Keeping in mind the root- hair, cell and its surroundings, name the parts that correspond to (1) concentrated sugar solution (2) parchment paper and (3) water in the beaker.
(f) Name any other substance that can be used instead of parchment paper in the above experiment.
(g) Mention two advantages of the process to the plants.
Ans : a) The setup demonstrates osmosis. Water from the beaker (higher water concentration) moves through the selectively permeable parchment paper into the thistle funnel containing sugar solution (lower water concentration). This movement aims to balance concentrations, causing the sugar solution level in the funnel to rise.
b)The image illustrates osmosis: water from the beaker (high water concentration) moves into the thistle funnel (low water concentration, i.e., sugar solution) through the selectively permeable parchment paper.
(c) Observation: This occurs because water from the beaker moves into the funnel through the selectively permeable parchment paper by osmosis, driven by the concentration difference.
(d) Control Experiment: To confirm the rise is due to osmosis, set up a parallel experiment with an identical apparatus, but fill both the thistle funnel and the beaker with plain water. This ensures any observed change isn’t due to other factors.
(e)This setup models water absorption by a root hair cell. The sugar solution inside the thistle funnel represents the cell sap, the parchment paper acts as the selectively permeable cell membrane, and the water in the beaker simulates soil water. This demonstrates osmosis, where water moves from the beaker (higher water potential) into the sugar solution (lower water potential) through the parchment paper.
(f) Instead of parchment paper, a selectively permeable membrane like a pig’s bladder, cellophane, or egg membrane (after decalcification) can be used.
(g) Two advantages of osmosis to plants are:
- Water absorption: Plants absorb water from the soil through their roots via osmosis.
- Turgor pressure: Osmosis helps maintain turgor pressure within plant cells, which provides rigidity and support to the plant, preventing wilting.
4) The diagram below represents a layer of epidermal cells showing a fully grown root hair. Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow:
(a) Name the parts labelled A, B, C and D.
(b) The root hair cell is in a turgid state. Name and explain the process that caused this state.
(c) Mention one distinct difference between the parts labelled A and B.
(d) Draw a diagram of the above root hair cell as it would appear when a concentrated solution of fertilizers is added near it.
Ans : (a) A: Root Hair Tip: The outermost, highly absorptive point of the root hair cell.
B: Cell Wall: The rigid, permeable outer layer providing structural support.
C: Cytoplasm: The living, jelly-like substance within the cell membrane where cellular activities take place.
D: Nucleus: The organelle containing genetic material, controlling the cell’s functions.
(b) Osmosis makes the cell turgid; water moves from the soil (lower solute) into the root hair cell through the selectively permeable membrane, increasing internal pressure.
(c) A (Root cap) shields the growing tip; B (Cell wall) provides rigid external support.
(d) Concentrated fertilizer would cause plasmolysis, where the protoplast (plasma membrane and cytoplasm) shrinks away from the unyielding cell wall.
5) Two potato cubes each 1 cm3 in size, were placed separately in two containers (A&B), the container (A) having water and the other (B) containing concentrated sugar solution. After 24 hours when the cubes were examined, those placed in water were found to be firm and had increased slightly in size and those placed in concentrated sugar solution were found to be soft and had somewhat decreased in size. Use the above information to answer the questions that follow:
(a) Account for the firmness and increase in the size of the potato cubes placed in water.
(b) Account for the softness and decrease in size of the potato cubes which were placed in sugar solution.
(c) name and define the physical process being investigated in this experiment.
Ans : a)When potato cubes are submerged in water (Container A), the water is hypotonic to the potato cells. This causes water to enter the cells through osmosis due to a higher water potential outside. As a result, the cells swell, become turgid, and press against their cell walls, making the potato cubes firm and slightly larger.
b)The potato cubes in the concentrated sugar solution became soft and decreased in size due to osmosis. The sugar solution has a higher solute concentration than the potato cells, creating a steeper water potential gradient. Consequently, water moved out of the potato cells into the surrounding sugar solution, causing the cells to lose turgor pressure and shrink (plasmolysis), resulting in the observed softness and reduction in size.
c)Osmosis is the natural flow of water through a semi-permeable membrane. Water moves from an area where there’s more of it (and less dissolved stuff) to an area with less water (and more dissolved stuff). This continues until the concentration of dissolved substances is roughly equal on both sides. It’s a passive process, meaning it doesn’t need any outside energy to happen.
6) Given below is the diagrammatic representation of the transverse section of a part of a plant. Study it and answer the questions that follow:
(a) Name the part of the plant that is shown
(b) Label the parts 1 to 6
(c) Write the functions of parts 3 and 5
Ans : a) This image depicts a root tip.
b)The labeled structures are: 1 – Root hairs, 2 – Epidermis, 3 – Cortex, 4 – Endodermis, 5 – Pericycle, and 6 – Vascular cylinder (Stele).
c)The cortex (Part 3) primarily functions in food storage, notably starch, and facilitates the inward transport of water and minerals. The pericycle (Part 5) is crucial for the initiation of lateral roots and can contribute to secondary growth in certain plant species.
7) Study the diagram given below and answer the questions that follows: (a) Name the process being studied in the above experiment
(b) Explain the process mentioned in (a) above
(c) why is oil placed over water?
Ans : a)The provided image illustrates an experimental setup designed to study the process of transpiration in plants.
b)Transpiration is a vital physiological process in which plants release water in the form of vapor into the surrounding atmosphere. This release primarily occurs through small openings on the surface of leaves, known as stomata. The continuous loss of water from the aerial parts of the plant generates a negative pressure, or “pulling force,” within the plant’s vascular tissues, specifically the xylem. This force is essential for drawing water and dissolved minerals upwards from the roots, through the stem, and into the leaves, thus maintaining a constant flow of water throughout the plant body.
c)In this experiment, a layer of oil is strategically placed on the surface of the water in the test tube. The inclusion of this oil layer serves a crucial purpose: to prevent the direct evaporation of water from the surface of the test tube into the atmosphere. Without this oil layer, some water would naturally evaporate from the open surface, leading to an inaccurate measurement of the water loss specifically attributed to the plant’s transpiration. By effectively sealing the water surface, the oil layer ensures that any decrease in the water level observed in the test tube can be confidently attributed solely to the water vapor released by the plant through transpiration, thereby isolating and accurately measuring the plant’s contribution to water loss.
8) Show by a series of diagrams, the change which a plant cell will undergo when placed in
(a) Hypertonic salt solution and
(b) Hypotonic salt solution
Ans :
(a)
(b)
