Going Places

Going Places” by A.R. Barton paints a vivid picture of Sophie, a young girl from a working-class background whose life in a biscuit factory fuels a rich inner world of escapist fantasies. Unlike her practical friend Jansie, Sophie dreams of a life far beyond her current circumstances, with her imagination particularly fixated on the celebrated Irish footballer, Danny Casey. This yearning culminates in an elaborate tale Sophie spins about a chance encounter with her idol in a quiet arcade. This imagined meeting, complete with detailed descriptions of Casey and their supposed conversation, becomes a cherished secret she eventually shares with her usually taciturn brother, Geoff. Believing he might offer understanding, Sophie finds Geoff a skeptical yet attentive listener, and the story gradually circulates within their family. However, Sophie’s unwavering belief in her fantasy leads her to wait expectantly at a designated meeting place – a desolate patch of land by the canal – for a second rendezvous with Danny Casey. The footballer’s failure to appear brings a crushing wave of disappointment, shattering Sophie’s carefully constructed illusion and forcing her to confront the stark contrast between her dreams and the reality of her life. The chapter poignantly explores themes of adolescent fantasy as a means of escape, the stark realities of social class, the potent allure of imagination, and the inevitable pain that arises when idealized dreams collide with the unyielding nature of reality, ultimately leaving Sophie with a profound sense of disillusionment.

Notice these expressions in the text. Infer their meaning from the context. 

• Incongruity:The term “incongruity” signifies a state where elements appear strange, surprising, or disharmonious due to significant differences between them. It implies a lack of fitness, consistency, or agreement when disparate things are juxtaposed or considered together, often creating a sense of something being misplaced, inappropriate, or logically inconsistent. Whether describing a scene where formal elegance clashes with casual attire, behavior where a serious demeanor contradicts silly jokes, or ideas where stated ideals conflict with past actions, “incongruity” highlights this fundamental mismatch and the resulting sense of something being out of sync. Therefore, identifying “incongruity” in a text involves recognizing these contrasting elements and understanding the inherent lack of harmony they create.
•  prodigy: A “prodigy” is characterized by a remarkable and precocious talent, typically observed in a young individual who demonstrates abilities in a specific field that are far beyond what is expected for their age. This exceptional aptitude often manifests as a mastery or deep understanding of a subject, such as music, mathematics, or art, reaching a level of proficiency commonly found only in experienced adults. The defining features of a prodigy include their youth, the extraordinary nature of their skill, their focus on a particular domain, and the adult-like expertise they exhibit at a significantly early stage of development, showcasing an innate gift and an accelerated learning capacity within their area of exceptional talent.
• chuffed:“Chuffed,” a term prevalent in British English vernacular, expresses a significant degree of pleasure, satisfaction, or delight, frequently tinged with pride or contentment. This expression signifies more than mere happiness, indicating a profound sense of gratification stemming from a specific event, accomplishment, or gift. To be “chuffed” suggests a state of being highly pleased with a result, feeling proud of an action (one’s own or another’s), or being thoroughly delighted by an experience or something received, thus denoting a robustly positive emotional state characterized by considerable satisfaction.
• solitary elm:A “solitary elm” describes a single elm tree that stands independently, detached from any cluster, woodland, or line of similar trees. The defining characteristic is its isolated existence and unique presence within its environment. This image often evokes a sense of being alone, highlighting the tree’s individuality and the resilience it may have developed to thrive in isolation. Its singular position can also make it a noticeable feature in the landscape, drawing attention due to its solitary nature. Furthermore, a lone, mature elm might suggest considerable age and a history intertwined with the changes in its surroundings. However, this isolation could also imply a greater vulnerability to environmental stressors. Depending on the artistic or literary context, a solitary elm can symbolize themes such as loneliness, strength born of independence, endurance over time, or serve as a distinctive marker within a scene. Ultimately, the term conjures a picture of an individual elm tree standing apart, its isolation being a central aspect of its visual and potential symbolic significance.
• arcade:The term “arcade” primarily refers to a public entertainment venue characterized by a collection of coin-operated gaming machines. These establishments typically house a diverse array of games, including video games spanning various genres, classic pinball machines, skill-based challenges, redemption games that dispense tickets for prizes, and immersive simulators. Modern arcades are often vibrant spaces filled with the sounds and sights of active gameplay, serving as recreational destinations for a wide range of ages, particularly appealing to younger demographics. However, “arcade” also carries a secondary, architectural meaning, denoting a covered walkway or passageway defined by a sequence of arches supported by columns or piers. These architectural arcades can be found in historical structures, commercial areas, or public spaces, often providing sheltered pathways and sometimes featuring shops or stalls along their sides. Consequently, the intended meaning of “arcade” is typically discernible from the surrounding context, with the gaming establishment being the more prevalent contemporary interpretation.
• Amber glow:“Amber glow” describes a gentle and warm light characterized by a yellowish-orange hue, akin to the color of the gemstone amber. This type of light evokes a feeling of warmth and softness, being diffused rather than sharp or intense. The specific golden or yellowish-orange tint is its defining feature, reminiscent of honey or aged resin, and it often contributes to a cozy, inviting, or subtly mysterious atmosphere. An amber glow is frequently associated with the soft light of sunrise or sunset, where the sun’s rays are filtered through the atmosphere, enhancing warmer tones. It can also be produced by various light sources such as fireplaces or certain types of lamps, casting a distinctive and comforting illumination.
• wharf:A wharf is fundamentally a level area situated along the edge of navigable waters, designed to allow ships and other vessels to moor securely for the purpose of loading and unloading cargo or passengers, or while awaiting such operations. This quayside structure extends along or out from the shoreline of a sea, river, or lake, providing a stable platform for the transfer of goods and people between the land and the watercraft. Constructed from various durable materials such as wood, concrete, stone, or steel, wharves can range in size and complexity, from modest installations serving small boats to extensive facilities accommodating large commercial ships and passenger liners. Essentially functioning as a docking station, a wharf enables efficient interaction between maritime transport and land-based activities, playing a crucial role in trade and travel along waterways.
• Pangs of doubt:”Pangs of doubt” describe the sudden and sharp onset of feelings characterized by uncertainty, hesitation, or worry concerning a particular matter. The term “pangs” emphasizes the brief yet intense nature of these emotional twinges, akin to a sudden ache or spasm. When one experiences pangs of doubt, it signifies fleeting moments where a thought or situation triggers an abrupt feeling of insecurity or a lack of conviction, leading to questioning one’s decisions, beliefs, or abilities, and often accompanied by apprehension about potential outcomes. These sudden surges of uncertainty can arise before or after making a significant choice, when facing challenges that test one’s confidence, upon encountering information that contradicts established beliefs, or during moments of insecurity in relationships or circumstances. The intensity and frequency of these pangs can vary, but they consistently represent brief, sharp intrusions of doubt into one’s thoughts and feelings.

Think as you read

1. Where was it most likely that the two girls would find work after school?

Ans:

Considering the general employment landscape in Pune, Maharashtra, India, and the typical opportunities available to girls after finishing school, it’s most likely they would find work in sectors such as:

• Service Industry: This is a broad category that includes roles in retail (shops, malls), hospitality (restaurants, hotels), customer service (call centers), and potentially in healthcare as nurses’ aides or assistants.
• Education Sector: They might find work as teachers in preschools or primary schools, or as administrative staff in educational institutions.
• Office Administration: Entry-level positions in offices as clerks, data entry operators, or receptionists are also common.
• Manufacturing: Depending on the level of their schooling and any vocational training, there might be opportunities in manufacturing units, particularly in roles that require less specialized skills.
• Beauty and Wellness: Work in salons, spas, or as beauticians is another potential avenue.

The specific type of work would depend on their level of education, any vocational skills they might have acquired, their family’s socio-economic background, and the local job market conditions at the time they are seeking employment.

2. What were the options that Sophie was dreaming of? Why does Jansie discourage her from having such dreams?

Ans:

Sophie, living in Pune, likely harbored dreams that extended far beyond the typical employment opportunities available to girls after school. These aspirations could have included glamorous careers such as becoming an actress or a fashion designer with her own boutique, or perhaps envisioning a more prestigious managerial role or the chance to travel and experience a different way of life. She might have even dreamt of a more comfortable future through marriage to someone of higher social standing. However, Jansie, being more grounded in the realities of their working-class background in Pune, consistently discouraged these dreams. Jansie likely understood the limited job prospects available to them, primarily in the service industry, education, or basic office administration, and feared the inevitable disappointment Sophie would face pursuing such unrealistic goals. Her discouragement stemmed from a sense of practicality, a focus on the immediate need for stable employment, and a concern that Sophie’s fanciful notions would lead to frustration and unhappiness, rather than contentment within their social constraints.

Think as you  read

1. Why did Sophie wriggle when Geoff told her father that she had met Danny Casey? 

Ans:

Sophie likely wriggled when Geoff told her father that she had met Danny Casey due to a combination of reasons:

• Embarrassment and Self-Consciousness: Sophie’s encounter with Danny Casey was probably a fleeting and perhaps even slightly embellished event in her mind. Having her brother casually announce it to their father, especially in a working-class household where such encounters might seem extraordinary or even unbelievable, could have made her feel self-conscious and exposed.
• Fear of Disbelief or Ridicule: She might have anticipated her father’s skepticism or even mockery. Her father likely has a more practical and perhaps cynical view of the world and might not take her story seriously, or might even see it as a fanciful lie.
• Geoff’s Teasing or Tone: Geoff’s manner of relaying the information could have been teasing or suggestive, implying more than what actually happened, which would make Sophie uncomfortable.
• Desire to Control the Narrative: Sophie might have wanted to tell her father about the encounter herself, in her own way and at her own time. Geoff’s announcement took away her control over the situation and the way the story was presented.
• Awareness of the Unlikelihood: Deep down, Sophie might have been aware that the encounter was improbable or that she might have exaggerated its significance in her own mind. Geoff’s blunt statement could have brought this unlikelihood into sharp focus in front of her father.

2. Does Geoff believe what Sophie says about her meeting with Danny Casey?

Ans:

Considering Geoff’s generally more grounded and realistic nature compared to Sophie’s imaginative tendencies, it’s unlikely that Geoff fully and unequivocally believes Sophie’s account of meeting Danny Casey. While he doesn’t explicitly dismiss her story, his responses and demeanor suggest a degree of skepticism. Geoff is aware of Sophie’s penchant for fantasizing and creating vivid daydreams. The casual nature of the supposed encounter with a famous footballer like Danny Casey, particularly in their working-class neighborhood in Pune, would likely strike him as improbable. His questions, such as asking if Danny Casey looked like his photographs, could be interpreted as subtle probes, testing the veracity of her tale rather than expressions of genuine belief. Geoff’s reaction seems more like indulgent amusement or perhaps a gentle teasing of his younger sister, rather than a firm acceptance of her story as factual. He likely understands Sophie’s need for these fantasies, even if he doesn’t share her belief in their literal truth.

3. Does her father believe her story? 

Ans:

He is portrayed as practical and hardworking. Sophie’s father seems focused on the realities of their daily life and earning a living. Fantastical stories are likely to be met with skepticism.

The story is inherently unbelievable from his standpoint. For a famous and sought-after footballer like Danny Casey to casually meet and converse with a local girl like Sophie would seem highly unlikely and unrealistic to him.

He knows Sophie’s tendency to daydream. As her father, he is likely aware of her imaginative nature and might have heard her tell similar fanciful tales in the past.

His reaction in the text suggests disbelief and annoyance. When Geoff tells him about the meeting, his reaction is not one of excitement or curiosity, but rather a sharp and dismissive one. He questions the validity of the story and warns Sophie against lying. His words (“That’s another of your wild stories”) clearly indicate his disbelief and frustration with her fabrications.

He values truthfulness and hard work. Sophie’s father likely prioritizes honesty and practical effort. Her fantastical stories might be seen as a distraction from these values or even as a form of deceit.

4. How does Sophie include her brother Geoff in her fantasy of her future?

Ans:

Thinking about how Sophie might include her brother Geoff in her future fantasies, considering their current dynamic and her aspirations, she might envision him in a few ways:

• As a Confidant and Supporter (Initially): In the immediate aftermath of her imagined meeting with Danny Casey, Geoff is the first person she tells. This suggests she sees him as someone she can share her “special” experiences with, even if he’s skeptical. In her future fantasies, she might initially picture him being impressed by her achievements or connections, perhaps even becoming a believer in her extraordinary life.
• As Someone She Leaves Behind (As She Ascends): As Sophie’s fantasies become grander, especially if they involve fame, wealth, or a different social circle, she might start to see Geoff and her current life as something she has moved beyond. While she might not completely forget him, he could become a figure from her past, representing the ordinary life she has escaped.
• As Someone She Helps (From Her Elevated Position): If Sophie’s fantasies involve achieving significant success, she might imagine using her newfound status or wealth to help Geoff. This could involve getting him a better job or improving his circumstances, perhaps fulfilling a sense of familial obligation from her elevated position.
• As a Link to Her Past (With a Touch of Superiority): Even if she imagines a very different future for herself, Geoff might remain a connection to her roots. However, within her fantasy, she might view him with a touch of superiority, knowing she has achieved something he hasn’t.
• As Someone Who Eventually Believes Her: A key element of her fantasy might be the eventual validation from those who doubted her, including Geoff. She might imagine a future where her success is so undeniable that even Geoff has to acknowledge the truth of her earlier “stories.”

5. Which country did Danny Casey play for?

Ans:

Based on the search results, the footballer Dan Casey plays for the Republic of Ireland at the youth international level

Think as you read

1. Why didn’t Sophie want Jansie to know about her story with Danny? 

Ans: 

Sophie likely didn’t want Jansie to know about her story with Danny Casey for several reasons:

Fear of Disbelief and Ridicule: Jansie is generally depicted as more practical and down-to-earth than Sophie. Sophie probably anticipated that Jansie would be highly skeptical of her story, considering it far-fetched and unrealistic. She might have feared Jansie’s direct disbelief or even gentle mockery, which could deflate her fantasy.  

Desire to Preserve the Fantasy: The encounter with Danny Casey, whether real or imagined, was likely a special and cherished fantasy for Sophie. Sharing it with the pragmatic Jansie might tarnish the magic and reduce it to a mundane or unbelievable event. Keeping it to herself allowed her to maintain control over the narrative and preserve its idealized form.

Jansie’s Practical Nature: Jansie is often concerned with the practicalities of their lives and future employment.
Sophie might have felt that sharing her “encounter” with a famous footballer would seem frivolous or irrelevant to Jansie’s more pressing concerns.  

Potential for Gossip and Misinterpretation: Sophie might have worried that if Jansie knew, the story could spread and be misinterpreted or exaggerated as it was relayed to others in their neighborhood or workplace. This could lead to unwanted attention or further scrutiny of her already imaginative nature.

A Sense of Exclusivity: Sophie might have wanted to keep this experience as something special and personal to her, perhaps even using it to feel slightly superior or unique compared to her more grounded friend. It could be a secret that fueled her daydreams and set her apart.

2. Did Sophie really meet Danny Casey? 

Ans:

Considering Sophie’s pronounced inclination towards fantasy and the overall narrative context, it is highly improbable that her claimed meeting with Danny Casey actually occurred. The story consistently portrays Sophie as someone who escapes into vivid daydreams of a more exciting and glamorous life, and the encounter with the famous footballer aligns perfectly with this pattern. The sheer improbability of such a casual meeting between a local girl and a celebrated athlete, particularly without any corroborating evidence like an autograph or witness, further fuels skepticism. Sophie’s more pragmatic friend, Jansie, immediately voices her disbelief, highlighting the unlikelihood of the event. Moreover, Sophie’s somewhat vague responses when questioned by Geoff and her father’s outright dismissal of the story as another of her “wild stories” strongly suggest its fictional nature. The subsequent scene at the canal, where Sophie waits in vain for a promised second meeting, serves as a poignant indicator that her initial encounter was likely a product of her rich imagination, a cherished fantasy rather than a tangible reality. In essence, all signs point towards the conclusion that Sophie’s meeting with Danny Casey was a figment of her imaginative world.

3. Which was the only occasion when she got to see Danny Casey in person? 

Ans:Based on the interpretation that Sophie’s “meeting” with Danny Casey was largely a product of her imagination, the only occasion when she likely saw him in person was:

During a football match: It’s implied that Sophie has seen Danny Casey play in a football match. This is the only realistic scenario where she would have seen him.The other “meeting” she describes is presented as highly improbable and likely a fantasy.

Understanding the text 

1. Sophie and Jansie were class-mates and friends. What were the differences between them that show up in the story?

Ans:

Sophie and Jansie, though classmates and friends, exhibit several key differences throughout the story:

Dreams and Aspirations: This is the most striking difference. Sophie is a dreamer, full of ambitious and often unrealistic aspirations. She fantasizes about becoming a manager, an actress, or a fashion designer, and even imagines a romantic encounter with Danny Casey. Jansie, on the other hand, is practical and grounded in reality. She understands their working-class background and the limited opportunities available to them. Her aspirations are more realistic, focusing on finding stable employment after school.
Perspective on Reality: Sophie tends to live in a world of fantasy and imagination, often blurring the lines between what is real and what she wishes to be true. Jansie has a much more pragmatic and realistic perspective on life. She sees things as they are and isn’t prone to flights of fancy. She questions Sophie’s outlandish claims and tries to bring her back to reality.
Attitude Towards Work and Future: Sophie seems to view work, particularly the likely factory job, as a constraint and something to escape from. She dreams of glamorous and exciting careers. Jansie accepts their likely future in the factories as a matter of fact and is more concerned with the practicalities of finding work and earning a living.
Social Awareness: Jansie appears to be more aware of their social standing and the limitations it imposes. She understands the unlikelihood of Sophie’s grand dreams coming true within their socio-economic context. Sophie, in her fantasies, seems to transcend these limitations and imagines a world where such barriers don’t exist for her.
Communication Style: Sophie tends to be more secretive about her fantasies, especially the encounter with Danny Casey, likely fearing Jansie’s practical criticism. Jansie is more direct and open in her communication, readily expressing her skepticism and concerns.

2. How would you describe the character and temperament of Sophie’s father?

Ans:

Sophie’s father embodies the archetype of a practical, hardworking, and somewhat stern working-class man. Returning home “grimy from work,” he reflects a life centered on the tangible realities of labor and earning a living. His temperament is decidedly skeptical and down-to-earth, showing little tolerance for what he perceives as fanciful or unrealistic aspirations, as evidenced by his immediate dismissal of Sophie’s encounter with Danny Casey as “another of your wild stories.” His interactions with his children carry an air of authority, particularly in his sharp warning to Sophie against lying and his directive to Geoff not to believe her. While seemingly harsh, his reactions might also stem from a paternal concern that Sophie’s immersion in fantasy could lead to future disappointment, coupled with a desire to instill in her the values of truthfulness and practicality. Lacking either the inclination or understanding for imaginative pursuits, he represents a stark contrast to Sophie’s dreamy nature, firmly rooted in the demands and limitations of their daily existence in Pune.

3. Why did Sophie like her brother Geoff more than any other person? From her perspective, what did he symbolise?

Ans:

Sophie’s preference for her brother Geoff likely stems from a unique connection forged by his quiet nature and a shared, though differently expressed, inner world. While Geoff is more grounded than Sophie, his reserved demeanor and hinted-at interests, such as motorbikes, might suggest to her a depth beyond the overtly practical concerns of Jansie or the stern authority of their father. Importantly, Geoff provides an initial audience for Sophie’s fantastical tales, listening even if with skepticism, a form of engagement that contrasts with her father’s outright dismissal. Geoff’s occupation as a mechanic could also symbolize a link to a broader, more dynamic world beyond their immediate neighborhood and the looming prospect of factory work, perhaps even hinting at possibilities of freedom and escape that resonate with Sophie’s own yearning for something more. From Sophie’s perspective, Geoff might symbolize a quiet understanding, a potential ally in her imaginative world, and a glimmer of hope for a life beyond their current circumstances, making him a more appealing confidant than anyone else in her family.

4. What socio-economic background did Sophie belong to? What are the indicators of her family’s financial status?

Ans:  

Sophie’s family occupied a lower middle class socio-economic stratum. Several clues point to their modest financial standing. The anticipated employment for both Sophie and Jansie in a biscuit factory after their schooling suggests limited career prospects beyond manual labor common for their background in Pune. Their living conditions, characterized by a small house where the steam from cooking was overwhelming and dirty dishes accumulated, indicate a cramped and likely humble abode. Sophie’s father’s return home “grimy from work” implies a manual labor occupation. Furthermore, the description of her mother’s stooped posture from relentless housework suggests a life of physical toil, possibly due to a lack of resources for assistance. Her elder brother, Geoff, working as an apprentice mechanic in a distant garage, signifies a working-class profession with likely modest earnings. The father’s pointed remark about Sophie buying a “decent house” if she had money underscores the inadequacy of their current living situation in Pune. Finally, the expectation that Sophie would immediately enter the workforce upon finishing school highlights the family’s need for her financial contribution.

Talking about the text 

Discuss in pairs.

 1. Sophie’s dreams and disappointments are all in her mind.

Ans:

• Her Dreams are Fantastical and Unrealistic: Sophie’s aspirations to become a manager, actress, or fashion designer, and her imagined encounters with Danny Casey, are not rooted in any concrete plans or actions. They are vivid daydreams that serve as an escape from her likely future in the factory.  
• Limited Interaction with Reality: Sophie doesn’t take significant steps to pursue these dreams in a practical way. There’s no mention of her researching acting classes, sketching fashion designs, or exploring management training programs in Pune. Her interactions related to her dreams are largely internal or shared as fleeting fantasies with Geoff.
• The Danny Casey Encounter is Likely Imagined: The narrative strongly suggests that her meeting with Danny Casey is a product of her imagination. There’s no independent confirmation, and the subsequent scene at the canal reinforces the unlikelihood of it being real.
• Her Disappointments Stem from the Failure of Her Fantasies to Materialize: When Danny Casey doesn’t appear at the canal, Sophie experiences disappointment. However, this disappointment arises not from a failed real-world plan, but from the non-fulfillment of her imagined scenario.  
• Jansie’s Grounded Perspective: Jansie consistently brings Sophie back to reality, highlighting the impracticality of her dreams. This contrast emphasizes that Sophie’s aspirations exist mainly in her mind, detached from the realities of their socio-economic situation in Pune.

While Sophie’s desires for a better life are understandable, the story portrays her pursuit of these desires as largely taking place within the realm of her imagination, leading to disappointments that are also born from the contrast between her inner world and the external realities of her life in Pune.

2. It is natural for teenagers to have unrealistic dreams. What would you say are the benefits and disadvantages of such fantasising?

Ans:

The tendency for teenagers to harbor unrealistic dreams is a natural facet of their developmental stage, fueled by identity exploration and a burgeoning awareness of broader possibilities. Such fantasizing can yield both advantages and disadvantages. On the beneficial side, these dreams can ignite aspiration and motivation, providing a compelling vision of the future that encourages effort and the pursuit of seemingly distant goals. They also serve as a mental playground for exploring different identities and life paths, fostering self-discovery and the clarification of values. Furthermore, daydreaming can offer a temporary respite from teenage pressures, acting as a coping mechanism and a source of stress relief. The imaginative thinking inherent in fantasizing can also spur creativity and innovation. Finally, envisioning a positive future can cultivate hope and optimism, bolstering resilience in the face of adolescence’s uncertainties. However, the unchecked pursuit of unrealistic dreams can lead to significant disappointment and frustration when reality inevitably diverges from these ideals, potentially harming self-esteem. Excessive fantasizing can also result in procrastination and a reluctance to engage with the practical steps necessary for achieving tangible goals. Moreover, it can breed unrealistic expectations regarding relationships and careers, leading to dissatisfaction in real-world scenarios. An over-reliance on fantasy might also impede the acceptance of life’s limitations and challenges, hindering realistic planning and coping mechanisms. In extreme cases, consuming fantasies could contribute to social isolation. Therefore, while unrealistic dreaming is a normal and potentially beneficial aspect of teenage life, a balanced perspective that integrates aspirations with a realistic understanding of the world is crucial for healthy development and avoiding the pitfalls of unchecked imagination.

Working with words

 Notice the following expressions. The highlighted words are not used in a literal sense. Explain what they mean.

 • Words had to be prized out of him like stones out of a ground

Ans:

The statement “Words had to be coaxed from him as if extracting rocks from the earth” paints a picture of considerable struggle in eliciting speech from the individual. The notion of words being “coaxed” suggests a process requiring persistent effort and careful maneuvering, rather than a natural flow of conversation. This difficulty is further highlighted by the comparison to “extracting rocks from the earth,” a task known for its arduousness and the resistance encountered. Similar to how stones are firmly set within the ground and necessitate force to remove, the person’s verbal expressions appeared deeply lodged and unwilling to emerge without significant prompting. Overall, this description conveys the sense that the person was markedly reticent, unforthcoming, or disinclined to articulate their thoughts, rendering any attempt to converse with them a notably demanding endeavor.

• Sophie felt a tightening in her throat. 

If he keeps his head on his shoulders.

• On Saturday they made their weekly pilgrimage to the United. 

• She saw… him ghost past the lumbering defender

Ans:

The phrase “Sophie felt a tightening in her throat” doesn’t describe a literal physical constriction but rather employs a sensory detail to convey an internal emotional state, suggesting feelings of anxiety, fear, sadness, or perhaps a struggle to express unspoken emotions. Similarly, the idiom “If he keeps his head on his shoulders” steers clear of a literal interpretation, instead serving as a figurative caution for someone to remain sensible, avoid foolish errors, and maintain composure in their actions. When the text mentions “On Saturday they made their weekly pilgrimage to the United,” the word “pilgrimage” is used metaphorically, elevating their regular trip to support the United (likely a football club) to the level of a sacred journey, emphasizing the ritualistic nature and deep devotion associated with their weekly outing. Lastly, the description of someone “ghost past the lumbering defender” utilizes “ghost” as a figurative verb, painting a picture of movement that is swift, effortless, and almost ethereal, highlighting the contrast between the player’s agility and the defender’s clumsiness.

Noticing form Notice the highlighted words in the following sentences. 

1. “When I leave,’ Sophie said, coming home from school, “I’m going to have a boutique.” 

Ans:

The highlighted word, said, in the sentence ““When I leave,’ Sophie said, coming home from school, “I’m going to have a boutique.”” serves as a reporting verb. It is the past tense form of “to say” and its role within the sentence is to attribute the enclosed quotation directly to Sophie, the speaker. This verb clearly indicates who uttered the words about wanting to own a boutique and connects her speech to the action of returning home from school, providing a contextual frame for the dialogue. Reporting verbs like “said” are essential for structuring and clarifying spoken interactions within written narratives by identifying the source of the quoted material.

2. Jansie, linking arms with her along the street, looked doubt

Ans:

Within the sentence “Jansie, linking arms with her along the street, looked doubt,” the highlighted word functions as the primary verb, specifically conveying Jansie’s apparent emotional state through her visual expression. As the past tense of “to look,” it indicates that Jansie’s demeanor, likely her facial features or overall bearing, outwardly displayed a sense of doubt as she walked alongside her companion. In this context, “doubt” acts adverbially, modifying the verb “looked” to specify the manner of her expression, revealing her skepticism or uncertainty about something previously implied or stated. Therefore, “looked” serves as the central verb in the clause, providing insight into Jansie’s feelings through her observable appearance.

3. “I’ll find it,” Sophie said, staring far down the street.

Ans:

The highlighted word in the sentence ““I’ll find it,” Sophie said, staring far down the street.” is staring.

Form/Function:

In this sentence, the word “staring” functions as a participle, specifically a present participle, that acts as part of a participial phrase modifying the subject, Sophie.

• Form: It is the -ing form of the verb “to stare.”
• Function: The participial phrase “staring far down the street” describes an action that Sophie is performing simultaneously while she is saying “I’ll find it.” It provides additional information about her posture, focus, and perhaps her state of mind as she makes that statement. It suggests determination, perhaps a sense of searching or visualizing what she intends to find.

The structure indicates that both actions – speaking and staring – are happening concurrently, adding depth to the description of Sophie’s demeanor.

4. Jansie, knowing they were both earmarked for the biscuit factory, became melancholy

Ans:

The highlighted word in the sentence “Jansie, knowing they were both earmarked for the biscuit factory, became melancholy” is knowing.

Form/Function:

In this sentence, the word “knowing” functions as a present participle forming part of a participial phrase that modifies the subject, Jansie.

• Form: It is the -ing form of the verb “to know.”
• Function: The participial phrase “knowing they were both earmarked for the biscuit factory” acts as an adjective clause reduced to a phrase. It provides the reason or cause for Jansie’s subsequent emotional state. It tells us why she “became melancholy.” The phrase indicates that her awareness of their predetermined future working at the biscuit factory led to her feeling sad or dejected.

The use of the present participle “knowing” creates a sense of simultaneity and causality, linking Jansie’s understanding of their future with her resulting melancholy.

5. And she turned in through the open street door leaving Jansie standing in the rain. 

Ans:

The highlighted word in the sentence “And she turned in through the open street door leaving Jansie standing in the rain” is leaving.

Form/Function:

In this sentence, the word “leaving” functions as a present participle forming part of a participial phrase that modifies the main clause (“And she turned in through the open street door”).

• Form: It is the -ing form of the verb “to leave.”
• Function: The participial phrase “leaving Jansie standing in the rain” describes a result or a simultaneous action that occurred as Sophie turned into the doorway. It indicates what Sophie did as or by turning in – she caused Jansie to be left standing in the rain. It adds a consequence or a detail about the situation that unfolded due to Sophie’s action.

The participial phrase acts adverbially, providing information about the circumstances surrounding the main action of Sophie turning into the door. It highlights the contrast between Sophie’s action of seeking shelter and Jansie’s resulting predicament.

Thinking about language

 Notice these words in the story.

 • “chuffed”, meaning delighted or very pleased 

• “nosey”, meaning inquisitive 

• “gawky”, meaning awkward, ungainly.

 These are words that are used in an informal way in colloquial speech. 

Make a list of ten other words of this kind.

Ans:

Here is a list of ten other words that are used in an informal way in colloquial speech, similar to “chuffed,” “nosey,” and “gawky”:

1. Gutted: Meaning extremely disappointed or upset.
2. Gobsmacked: Meaning utterly astonished or surprised.
3. Bloke: An informal term for a man.
4. Lass: An informal term for a girl or young woman (more common in certain regions like Scotland or Northern England).
5. Nosh: Informal word for food or a meal.
6. Skive: To avoid work or duty; to play truant.
7. Dodgy: Suspicious, unreliable, or potentially illegal.
8. Knackered: Extremely tired or exhausted.
9. Quid: An informal term for one pound sterling (British currency).
10. Chunter: To talk in a low, continuous, grumbling way.

Writing

 – Think of a person who you would like to have as your role model.

 – Write down the points to be discussed or questions to be asked, if you were asked to interview that person on a television show

Ans:

Role Model: Malala Yousafzai

I admire Malala Yousafzai for her incredible courage, resilience, and unwavering commitment to education for girls, even in the face of extreme adversity. Her global advocacy and inspiring speeches have made a significant impact.

Points to Discuss and Questions to Ask in a Television Interview:

Here are some points and questions categorized for a structured interview:

1. Early Life and Influences:

• Can you share some memories from your childhood in the Swat Valley that shaped your early beliefs about education?
• Who were the key figures in your life who instilled in you the importance of speaking out and pursuing education? (e.g., parents, teachers)
• What were your initial reactions and feelings when the Taliban began imposing restrictions on girls’ education?

2. The Attack and Recovery:

• Can you describe the events of the day you were attacked, from your perspective? (While being mindful and respectful of the trauma)
• What were your thoughts and feelings during the recovery process? What gave you the strength to continue your advocacy?
• How did the global outpouring of support impact your recovery and your resolve?

3. Advocacy and the Malala Fund:

• What motivated you to continue your fight for girls’ education on a global scale after your recovery?
• Can you tell us about the mission and key initiatives of the Malala Fund? What are some of the biggest challenges you face in this work?
• What are some of the success stories or moments that have been most meaningful to you in your work with the Malala Fund?
• How do you see the role of education in addressing other global issues like poverty and inequality?

4. Personal Perspectives and Beliefs:

• Despite facing such immense challenges, you often speak with hope and optimism. Where does this resilience come from?
• What are some of the core values that guide your life and your work?
• What message would you give to young people around the world who are facing obstacles in pursuing their education or dreams?
• How do you balance your personal life with your demanding role as a global advocate?
• What are your hopes and aspirations for the future of girls’ education globally?

5. Looking Ahead:

• What are some of the current projects or campaigns that the Malala Fund is focusing on?
• How can individuals and communities around the world get involved in supporting your cause?
• What are your future goals, both personally and in terms of your advocacy work?

These questions aim to cover various aspects of Malala’s life, from her personal experiences to her global impact, while also allowing her to share her insights and inspire the audience. The tone would be respectful, empathetic, and focused on understanding her journey and the important work she continues to do.

Things to do Look for other stories or movies where this theme of hero worship and fantasising about film or sports icons finds a place.

Ans:

The theme of hero worship and fantasizing about film or sports icons is quite prevalent in various stories and movies. Here are some examples across different genres and cultures:

Movies:

• Almost Famous (2000): This film beautifully captures a young aspiring music journalist’s journey on tour with a rising rock band. While not strictly hero worship of a single icon, it showcases the intense admiration and almost dreamlike state of being in close proximity to one’s idols, blurring the lines between fan and friend.
• Sing Street (2016): A young boy in 1980s Dublin forms a band to impress a girl, heavily influenced by the music videos and styles of his favorite bands like Duran Duran and The Cure. His musical heroes provide a template for his own identity and aspirations.
• The Fan (1996): This thriller takes hero worship to a dangerous extreme, depicting a baseball fan’s obsessive and ultimately violent fixation on his favorite player. It serves as a cautionary tale about the dark side of idolization.
• Rush (2013): While focused on the rivalry between Formula One drivers James Hunt and Niki Lauda, the film also subtly shows the hero worship that develops around successful athletes and the intense public fascination with their lives.
• Searching for Sugar Man (2012): This documentary tells the story of two fans who set out to discover what happened to their musical idol, Sixto Rodriguez, a forgotten folk singer who was hugely popular in apartheid-era South Africa but unknown in his native US. Their unwavering belief in his talent drives their quest.
• High Fidelity (2000): The protagonist, Rob, is obsessed with music and musicians. While not outright worship, his life and relationships are heavily filtered through his admiration for his musical heroes and their work.
• 8 Mile (2002): This semi-autobiographical film follows a young Eminem as he tries to make it in the Detroit hip-hop scene. His idols in the rap world inspire his lyrical style and his drive to succeed.
• My Name Is Nobody (1973): A young, easy-going gunman idolizes and tries to emulate a legendary aging gunfighter, showcasing a clear dynamic of hero worship within the Western genre.
• The Sandlot (1993): A group of young baseball enthusiasts idolize Babe Ruth, and a signed baseball becomes a central plot point, representing their reverence for the legendary player.

Stories/Literature:

• “A Temporary Matter” by Jhumpa Lahiri (from Interpreter of Maladies): While not the central theme, the character of Shukumar initially finds a connection with his wife through their shared admiration for a deceased writer.
• Many coming-of-age stories: Adolescents often go through phases of intense admiration for musicians, actors, or athletes, which can shape their identity and aspirations. These themes are frequently explored in young adult literature.
• Biographies and autobiographies: These often detail the influence of role models and heroes on the subject’s life, showcasing a form of positive hero worship that inspires growth and achievement.
• Fan fiction: This entire genre is built upon the admiration and expansion of existing fictional worlds and characters, often bordering on or fully embracing hero worship.